What does the term "melena" refer to?

"Melena" specifically refers to the presence of black, tarry stools that typically indicate the presence of digested blood. This condition is often associated with bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as from ulcers, varices, or malignancies. The dark color is due to the degradation of hemoglobin in the blood as it passes through the digestive system.

Recognizing symptoms like melena is crucial in clinical practice because it may suggest significant gastrointestinal bleeding, which requires immediate medical attention and further investigation to identify the underlying cause. Understanding these distinctions helps in accurately diagnosing and treating patients.